COMPARISON OF LATANOPROST AND DORZOLAMIDE IN THE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
Abstract
Background: This study was conducted to compare the effects on intraocular pressure and side effects of monotherapy with either latanoprost or dorzolamide in patients with open angle glaucoma, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Methods: Sixty patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension were recruited to a 3-month study. Previous glaucoma medications were washed out and the patients were randomised to receive either latanoprost 0.005% once daily or dorzolamide 2% three times daily. The follow-up visits were conducted at two weeks, one months and three months of study and intraocular pressures and slit lamp examinations were carried out to look for response of therapy and detect complications. Results: After 3 months, latanoprost reduced mean baseline intraocular pressure from 27.2±3.0 mm Hg by 8.5±3.3 mm Hg. The corresponding figures for dorzolamide were 27.2±3.4 and 5.6±2.6 mm Hg. The difference of 2.9 mm Hg (95% CI: 2.3-3.6) was highly significant (p<0.001). Both drugs were well tolerated systemically and locally. Conclusion: Latanoprost was superior to dorzolamide in reducing the intraocular pressure, judged from the effect on mean intraocular pressure. The once daily dose in the evening ensures better compliance and the problem of hyperpigmentation of the iris were not encountered.Keywords: Glaucoma, Intraocular pressure, Latanoprost, DorzolamideReferences
Zhanga WY, Poa ALW, Duab HS, Blancoc AA. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials comparing latanoprost with timolol in the treatment of patients with open angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol 2001;85:983-90.
Diggory P, Cassels-Brown A, Vail A. Avoiding unsuspected respiratory side effects of topical timolol with cardioselective or sympathomimetic agents. Lancet 1995;345:1604-6.
Fishman WH, Fuksbrumer MS, Tannenbaum M. Topical ophthalmic beta-adrenergic blockade for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension. J Clin Pharmacol 1994;34:795-03.
McMahon CD, Shaffer RN, Hoskins HD. Adverse effects experienced by patients taken timolol. Am J Ophthalmol 1979;88:736-8.
Calissendorff B, Maren N, Wetrell K. Timolol versus pilocarpine separately or combined with acetazolamide-effects on intraocular pressure. Acta Ophthalmol 1980;58:624-31.
Zadok D, Geyer O, Zadok J. Combined timolol and pilocarpine alone and timolol alone in the treatment of glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 1994;117:728-31.
Camras CB. Mechanism of the prostaglandin-induced reduction of intraocular pressure in humans. In: Samuelsson B, Paoletti R, Ramwell PW, Vane JR, eds. Adv Prostaglandin Thromboxane Leukot Res. New York: Raven Press, 1995; 235:19-525.
Toris CB, Camras CB, Yablonski ME. Effects of PhXA41, a new prostaglandin F2 analog on aqueous humor dynamics in human eyes. Ophthalmology 1993;100:1312-7.
Drance SM, Crichton A, Mills RP. Comparison of the effect of latanoprost 0.005% and timolol 0.5% on the calculated ocular perfusion pressure in patients with normal-tension glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 1998;125:585-92.
Leier CV, Baker ND, Weber PA. Cardiovascular effects of ophthalmic timolol. Ann Intern Med 1986;104:197-9.
Dinai Y, Sharir M, Naveh NN. Bradycardia induced by interaction between quinidine and ophthalmic timolol. Ann Intern Med 1985;103:890-1.
Pringle SD, MacEwen CJ. Severe bradycardia due to interaction of timolol eye drops and verapamil. BMJ 1987;294:155-6.
Avorn J, Glynn RJ, Guiwitz JH. Adverse pulmonary effects of topical beta blockers used in the treatment of glaucoma. J Glaucoma 1993;2:158-65.
Jones FL Jr, Ekberg NL. Exacerbation of asthma by timolol. N Engl J Med 1979;301:270-2.
Nelson WL, Fraunfelder FT, Sills JM. Adverse respiratory and cardiovascular events attributed to timolol ophthalmic solution, 1978-1985. Am J Ophthalmol 1986;102:606-11.
Camras CB. The US Latanoprost Study Group. Comparison of latanoprost and timolol in patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma. A six-month, masked, multicenter trial in the United States. Ophthalmology 1996;103:138-47.
Nicolela MT, Buckley AR, Walman BE. A comparative study of the effects of timolol and latanoprost on blood flow velocity of the retrobulbar vessels. Am J Ophthalmol 1996;122:784-9.
Hedner J, Everts B, Moller CS. Latanoprost and respiratory function in asthmatic patients. Arch Ophthalmol 1999;1305-9.
Alward WLM. Medical management of glaucoma. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1298-60.
Ontoso IA, Grima FG, Ontoso EA. Does medical treatment of mild intraocular hypertension prevent glaucoma. Eur J Epidemiolol 1997;13:19-23.
Kass MA. Timolol treatment prevents or delays glaucomatous visual field loss in individuals with ocular hypertension: a five year randomised double-masked, clinical trial. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1990;87:598-18.
Hattenhauer MG, Johnson DH, Ing HH. The probability of blindness from open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology 1998;105:2099-104.
Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group. Comparation of glaucomatous between untreated patients with normal-tension glaucoma and patients with therapeutically reduced intraocular pressure. Am J Ophthalmol 1998;126:487-96.
Alm A, Villumsen J. PhXA34, a new potent ocular hypotensive drug. A study on dose-response relationship and on aqueous humor dynamics in healthy volunteers. Arch Ophthalmol 1991;109:1564-8.
Villumsen J, Alm A. PhXA34a prostaglandin F2 analogue. Effect on intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol 1992;76:214-7.
Camras CB, Schumer RA, Marsk A, Lustgarten JS, Serle JB, Stjernschantz J. Intraocular pressure reduction with PhXA34, a new prostaglandin analogue, in patients with ocular hypertension. Arch Ophthalmol 1992;110:1733-8.
Friström B, Nilsson SEG. Interaction of PhXA41, a new prostaglandin analogue, with pilocarpine. A study on patients with elevated intraocular pressure. Arch Ophthalmol 1993;111:662-5.
Alm A, Villumsen J, Törnquist P, Mandahl A, Airaksinen J, Tuulanen A. Intraocular pressure-reducing effects of PhXA41 in patients with increased eye pressure. A one-month study. Ophthalmology 1993;100:1312-7.
Racz P, Ruzsonyi MR, Nagy ZT, Bito LZ. Maintained intraocular pressure reduction with once-a-day application of a new prostaglandin F2 analogue (PhXA41). An in-hospital, placebo-controlled study. Arch Ophthalmol 1993;111:1351-8.
Nagasubramanian S, Sheth GP, Hitchings RA, Stjernschantz J. Intraocular pressure-reducing effect of PhXA41 in ocular hypertension. Comparison of dose regimens. Ophthalmology 1993;100:1305-11.
Alm A, Widengård I, Kjellgren D, Soderstrom M, Fristrom B, Heijl A. Latanoprost administered once daily causes a maintained reduction of intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients treated concomitantly with timolol. Br J Ophthalmol 1995;79:12-6.
Gabelt BT, Kaufman PL. Prostaglandin F2 increases uveoscleral outflow in the cynomolgus monkey. Exp Eye Res 1989;49:389- 02.
Nilsson SFE, Samuelsson M, Bill A, Stjernschantz J. Increased uveoscleral outflow as a possible mechanism of ocular hypotension caused by prostaglandin F2-1-isopropylester in the cynomolgus monkey. Exp Eye Res 1989;48:707-16.
Alm A, Stjernschantz J. The Scandinavian Latanoprost Study Group. Effects on intraocular pressure and side effects of 0.005% latanoprost applied once daily, evening or morning. A comparison with timolol. Ophthalmology 1995;102:1743-52.
Watson P, Stjernschantz J. The Latanoprost Study Group. A six-month, randomized, double-masked study comparing latanoprost with timolol in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Ophthalmology 1996;103:126-37.
Camras CB. The United States Latanoprost Study Group. Comparison of latanoprost and timolol in patients with ocular hypertension and glaucoma: a six-month, masked, multicenter trial in the United States. Ophthalmology 1996;103:138-47.
Strahlman E, Tipping R, Vogel R. A double-masked, randomized 1-year study comparing dorzolamide (Trusopt), timolol, and betaxolol. Arch Ophthalmol 1995;113:1009-16.
Wayman L, Larsson L-I, Maus. Comparison of dorzolamide and timolol as suppressors of aqueous humor flow in humans. Arch Ophthalmol 1997;115:1368-71.
‘O'Donoghue EP. The UK and Ireland Latanoprost Study Group. A comparison of latanoprost and dorzolamide in patients with glaucoma and ocular hypertension: a 3 month, randomised study. Br J Ophthalmol 2000; 84: 579-82.
Downloads
Issue
Section
License
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.
USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.