QING-QI RICKSHAW: A BOON OR BANE FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION? A STUDY OF ROAD TRAFFIC INJURY PATTERNS INVOLVING QING-QI RICKSHAWS IN KARACHI PAKISTAN

Authors

  • Muhammad Muzzammil JPMC KARACHI
  • Muhammad Saeed Minhas
  • Jahanzeb Effendi
  • Syed Jahanzeb
  • Ayesha Mughal
  • Abdul Qadir

Abstract

Background: The three-wheeler Qing-qi and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) auto-rickshaws were introduced in Karachi to meet the transportation demand of the growing population. These vehicles have directly or indirectly been implicated in a number of road traffic violations as well as road accidents. This study aims to describe the crash characteristics and injury patterns for Qing-qi rickshaw occupants and other road users hit by Qing-qi rickshaw in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: An Observational/ Descriptive study was conducted at Accident& Emergency and Orthopaedic Surgery Department, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre, Karachi Pakistan from July 2014 to June 2015.All patients who came with Qing-qi rickshaw accident in Accident& Emergency (A&E) of JPMC were included. Crash characteristics, details of injuries, injury severity parameters and outcome were documented in detailed interviews. Results: Four hundred and eighty-six rickshaw related injuries were noted in road traffic accidents by Qing-gi rickshaw. Age range was 2–85 (43.5±58.68). 350 injured victims were males and 136 were females. By occupation most victims were laborers and daily wage workers (45%) and students (21%). Overloading of vehicle with more than two passengers was found in (28.5%). The most common cause of injury was collision with a moving vehicle (56%), followed by fall from rickshaw. The most common contributing factor was the overloading of rickshaw and roll over on turning (61%). Injury severity on arrival were mild (49%), moderate were (32%), and severe were (19%). Injuries related to head and neck (26%), face (14%), thorax and abdomen (5%), lower extremity and pelvic girdle (31%) and upper extremity (23%) were observed. Conclusion: Qing-qi rickshaw injuries are common and these vehicles are vulnerable to road traffic accidents. Occupants and road users are both at risk of injuries. Keywords: Qing-qi rickshaw; road traffic accidents; trauma; burden; three-wheeler vehicle; injury prevention; engineering; public transport

References

Encyclopedia; (online)(cited may 20, 2016), available from: http://www.thefullwiki.org/Auto_rickshaw#Pakistan

Rise of qingqi: (online) (cited may 20, 2016), available from: http://www.dawn.com/news/1041475

Eight years too many: Qingqi rickshaw ban; (online) (cited may 20, 2016), available from: http://tns.thenews.com.pk/eight-years-too-many-motorcycle-rickshaw-ban-karachi/#.V03X5BtVikp

Dandona R, Kumar GA, Dandona L. Traffic law enforcement in Hyderabad, India. Int J InjContrSafPromot. 2005 Sep; 12(3):167-76.

Marín-León L, Belon AP, Barros MB, Almeida SD, Restitutti MC. Trends in traffic accidents in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil: The increasing involvement of motorcyclists. Cad SaudePublica 2012;28:39-51

Damsere-Derry J, Ebel BE, Mock CN, Afukaar F, Donkor P. Pedestrians' injury patterns in Ghana. Accid Anal Prev 2010;42:1080-8.

Wong ZH, Chong CK, Tai BC, Lau G. A review of fatal road traffic accidents in Singapore from 2000 to 2004. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2009;38:594-6

Paulozzi LJ. United States pedestrian fatality rates by vehicle type. InjPrev 2005;11:232-6.

Morency P, Gauvin L, Plante C, Fournier M, Morency C. Neighborhood social inequalities in road traffic injuries: The influence of traffic volume and road design. Am J Public Health 2012;102:1112-9

Schoor O, Niekerk JL, Grobbelaar B. Mechanical failures as a contributing cause to motor vehicle accidents South Africa. Accid Anal Prev 2001;33:713-21.

Gawade T.R., Mukherjee S., Mohan D. Six-degree-of-freedom three-wheeled-vehicle model validation. J Automob Eng.2005;219:485–498.

Dharmaratne SD, Stevenson M .Public road transport crashes in a low income country. Inj Prev. 2006 Dec; 12(6):417-20.

Chawla A., Mukherjee S., Mohan D. Indian Institute of Technology; New Delhi: 2003. Crash simulation of three wheeled scooter taxi

Brand S, Otte D, Petri M, Müller C, Stübig T, Krettek C, et al. Bicyclist-bicyclist crashes-a medical and technical crash analysis. Traffic InjPrev 2013;14:56-60

Persaud N, Coleman E, Zwolakowski D, Lauwers B, Cass D. Nonuse of bicycle helmets and risk of fatal head injury: A proportional mortality, case-control study. CMAJ 2012;184:E921-31. Sustainable Urban Mobility in Southern Asia (online)(cited may 20, 2016), available from: https://unhabitat.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/GRHS.2013.Regional.Southern.Asia_.pdf.

Rise of the Qingqi. Newspaper, DAWN.COM. [Internet]. [cited 2016 May 20]. Available from: https://www.dawn.com/news/1041475

Eight years too many: Qingqi rickshaw ban. TNS - The News on Sunday. [Internet]. [cited 2016 May 20]. Available from: http://tns.thenews.com.pk/eight-years-too-many-motorcycle-rickshaw-ban-karachi/#.V03X5BtVikp

Dandona R, Kumar GA, Dandona L. Traffic law enforcement in Hyderabad, India. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2005;12(3):167–76.

Marín-León L, Belon AP, Barros MB, Almeida SD, Restitutti MC. Trends in traffic accidents in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil: The increasing involvement of motorcyclists. Cad Saude Publica 2012;28(1):39–51.

Damsere-Derry J, Ebel BE, Mock CN, Afukaar F, Donkor P. Pedestrians' injury patterns in Ghana. Accid Anal Prev 2010;42(4):1080–8.

Wong ZH, Chong CK, Tai BC, Lau G. A review of fatal road traffic accidents in Singapore from 2000 to 2004. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2009;38(7):594–6.

Paulozzi LJ. United States pedestrian fatality rates by vehicle type. Inj Prev 2005;11(4):232–6.

Morency P, Gauvin L, Plante C, Fournier M, Morency C. Neighborhood social inequalities in road traffic injuries: The influence of traffic volume and road design. Am J Public Health 2012;102(6):1112–9.

Schoor O, Niekerk JL, Grobbelaar B. Mechanical failures as a contributing cause to motor vehicle accidents South Africa. Accid Anal Prev 2001;33(6):713–21.

Gawade T, Mukherjee S, Mohan D. Six-degree-of-freedom three-wheeled-vehicle model validation. Proc Inst Mech Eng Part J Automob Eng 2005;219(4):487–98.

Dharmaratne SD, Stevenson M. Public road transport crashes in a low income country. Inj Prev 2006;12(6):417–20.

Chawla A, Mukherjee S, Mohan D, Singh J, Rizvi N. Crash simulations of three wheeled scooter taxi (tst). Indian Institute of Technology. 2003.

Brand S, Otte D, Petri M, Müller C, Stübig T, Krettek C, et al. Bicyclist-bicyclist crashes-a medical and technical crash analysis. Traffic Inj Prev 2013;14(1):56–60.

Persaud N, Coleman E, Zwolakowski D, Lauwers B, Cass D. Nonuse of bicycle helmets and risk of fatal head injury: A proportional mortality, case-control study. CMAJ 2012;184(17):E921–3.

Published

2017-04-08

Issue

Vol. 29 No. 2 (2017): JOURNAL OF AYUB MEDICAL COLLEGE, ABBOTTABAD

Section

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

License

Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License  CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.

USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.

AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.