OXIDATIVE STRESS AND LEVEL OF IRON INDICES IN CORONARY HEART DISEASE PATIENTS
Abstract
Objective: Oxidative stress is characterized by an increased concentration of oxygen free radicalswhich can cause a critical, or even an irreversible, cell injury. The study was designed to determineand compare the levels of oxidative stress and iron indices in Coronary Heart Disease and healthyindividuals. Material and Methods: Blood malondialdehyde, iron, total iron-binding capacity,transferrin saturation and ferretin levels were determined in 140 Coronary Heart Disease and 100healthy subjects. Results: Values of blood malondialdehyde, iron, transferrin saturation and ferretinwere observed to be significantly increased with exception of total iron-binding capacity, which wassignificantly decreased (p0.005) in Coronary Heart Disease patients when compared with normalhealthy controls. Conclusion: Elevated serum malondialdehyde, iron concentration and body ironstores in patients reveal a possible role of iron indices in the development of coronaryatherosclerosis. Therefore, it is suggested by this study that levels of malondialdehyde andbiochemical markers of body iron stores can be used as an early investigative tool for assessing theoxidative stress in coronary heart disease.Keywords: Coronary Heart Disease, Oxidative Stress, Malondialdehyde, Iron, Total iron-bindingcapacity, Transferrin Saturation, FerritinReferences
Caimi G, Carollo C, Lo Presti R. Diabetes Mellitus:
Oxidative Stress and Wine. Curr Med Res Opin
;19(7):581–6.
Nuttall SL, Dunne F, Kendall MJ, Martin U. Age
independent oxidative stress in elderly patients with
NIDDM. QJ Med 1999;92:33–8.
Orino K, Lehman L, Tsuji Y, Ayaki H, Torti SV, Torti
FM. Ferritin and the Response to Oxidative Stress.
Biochem J 2001;357:241–7.
Franchini M, Targher G, Montagnana M, Lippi G. Iron
and Thrombosis. Ann Hematol 2008;87:167–73.
Emerit J, Beaumont C, Trivin F. Iron metabolism, free
radicals, and oxidative injury. Biomed Pharmacother
;55:333–9.
Krajčovičová-Kudláčková M, Spustová V, Pauková V.
Lipid Peroxidation and Nutrition. Physiol Res
;53:219–24.
Hayashi H, Yano M. Iron Cytotoxicity in Chronic
Hepatitis C. J Health Sci 2002;48(3):227–31.
Haidari M, Javadi E, Sanati A, Hajilooi M, Ghanbili J.
Association of Increased Ferritin with Premature Coronary
Stenosis in Men. Clin Chem 2001;47(9):1666–72.
Durackova Z, Bergendi L, Liptakova A, Muchova J. Free
Radicals Derived from Oxygen and Medicine. Bratisl Lek
Listy 1993;94(8):419–34.
de Valk B, Marx JJM. Iron, Atherosclerosis, and Ischemic
Heart Disease. Arch Intern Med 1999;159:1542–8.
Sozmen B, Uysal F,Gazitepe D, Aslan L, Sozmen EY. A
Novel Clinical and Laboratory Based Approach to
Coronary Heart Disease: Relationship Between
Angiography Findings, Antioxidant Enzymes and NO. Tr J
Med Sci 1999;29:117–23.
Antoniades C, Tousoulis D, Tentolouris C, Toutouzas P,
Stefanadis C. Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Vitamins, and
Atherosclerosis. From Basic Research to Clinical Practice.
Herz 2003;28(7):628–38.
Vincent HK, Powers SK, Stewart DJ, Shanely RA,
Demirel H, Naito H. Obesity is Associated with Increased
Myocardial Oxidative Stress. Int J Obes 1999;23:67–74.
Heinecke JW. Is Lipid Peroxidation Relevant to
Atherogenesis? J Clin Invest 1999;104(2):135–6.
Stadler N, Lindner RA, Davies MJ. Direct Detection and
Quantification of Transition Metal Ions in Human
Atherosclerotic Plaques: Evidence for the Presence of
Elevated Levels of Iron and Copper. Arterioscler Thromb
Vasc Biol 2004;24:949–54.
Valenzuela A. The Biological Significance of
Malondialdehde Determination in Assessment of Tissue
Oxidative Stress. Life Science 1991;48:301–9.
Blanck HM, Pfeiffer CM, Caudill SP, Reyes M, Gunter
EW, Imperatore G, et al. Serum Iron and Iron-Biniding
Capacity: A Round-Robin Interlaboratory Comparison
Study. Clin Chem 2003;49(10):1672–5.
Derek Yach, Corinna Hawkes, C. Linn Gould, Karen J.
Hofman. The Global Burden of Chronic disease. JAMA
;291(21):2616–22.
Orimadegun BE, Anetor J, Adedapo DA, Taylor GO,
Onuegbu JA, Olisekodiaka JM. Increased Serum Iron
Associated With Coronary Heart Disease Among Nigerian
Adults. Pak J Med Sci 2007;23(4):518–22.
van Campenhout A, van Campenhout CM, Lagrou AR,
Manuel-y-Keenoy B. Transferrin Modifications and Lipid
Peroxidation: Implications in Diabetes Mellitus. Free
Radic Res 2003;37(10):1069–77.
Cheng Y, Kuo W, Wu C, Shu W, Kuo C, Hwang J, et al.
Iron Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients
With Haemodialysis Versus Patients With Ischaemic Heart
Disease. Nephrol 2009;14:65–9.
Fernandez-Real JM, Penarroja G, Castro A, GarciaBragado F, Hernandez-Aguado I, Ricart W. Blood Letting
in High-Ferritin Type 2 Diabetes. Effects on Insulin
Sensitivity and -Cell Function. Diabetes 2002;51:1000–4.
Belch JJF, Bridges AB, Scott N, Chopra M. Oxygen Free
Radicals and Congestive Heart Failure. Br Heart J
;65:254–8.
Oen LH, Utomo H, Suyatna F, Hanafiah A, Asikins N.
Plasma Lipid Peroxides in Coronary Heart Disease. Int J
Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 1992;30(3):77–80.
Day SM, Duquaine D, Mundada LV, Menon RG, Khan
BV, Rajagopalan S, et al. Chronic Iron Administration
Increases Vascular Oxidative Stress and Accelerates
Arterial Thrombosis. Circulation 2003;107:2601–6.
Thomas MC, Maclsaac RJ, Tsalamandris C, Jerums G.
Elevated Iron Indices in Patients with Diabetes. Diabet
Med 2004;21(7):798–802.
Metwalli O, Al-Okbi S, Motawi T, El-Ahmady O, AbdoulHafeez S, El-Said E. Study of Serum Metals and Lipids
Profile in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Journal of Islamic Academy of Sciences 1998;11(1):5–12.
Baer DM, Tekawa IS, Hurley LB. Iron Stores are not
Associated with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circulation
;89:2915–8.
Baykan M, Celik U, Orem A, Malkoc M, Erdol C, Baykan
EC, et al. Iron Status and its Relationship with Lipid
Peroxidation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction.
Acta Cardiol 2001;56(5):277–81.
Ahmed ST, Rahu AA, Zardari MK, Mughal MA, Badar A,
Ansari AK. Stored Iron as a Risk Factor for Coronary
Heart Disease in Smokers. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad
;11(2):47–50.
Bozzini C, Girelli D, Tinazzi E, Olivieri O, Stranieri C,
Bassi A, et al. Biochemical and Genetic Markers of Iron
Status and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: An
Angiography-based Study. Clin Chem. 2002;48(4):622–8.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad is an OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL which means that all content is FREELY available without charge to all users whether registered with the journal or not. The work published by J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad is licensed and distributed under the creative commons License CC BY ND Attribution-NoDerivs. Material printed in this journal is OPEN to access, and are FREE for use in academic and research work with proper citation. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad accepts only original material for publication with the understanding that except for abstracts, no part of the data has been published or will be submitted for publication elsewhere before appearing in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. The Editorial Board of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad makes every effort to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of material printed in J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. However, conclusions and statements expressed are views of the authors and do not reflect the opinion/policy of J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad or the Editorial Board.
USERS are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open access.
AUTHORS retain the rights of free downloading/unlimited e-print of full text and sharing/disseminating the article without any restriction, by any means including twitter, scholarly collaboration networks such as ResearchGate, Academia.eu, and social media sites such as Twitter, LinkedIn, Google Scholar and any other professional or academic networking site.
