MATERNAL AND FOETAL OUTCOME IN GESTATIONAL DIABETES
Abstract
Background: Gestational diabetes is impaired carbohydrate metabolism first diagnosed in pregnancy.Knowledge of diabetes dates back to centuries before Christ. Objective was to describe maternalcomplications during antenatal period and Maternal and neonatal outcome in gestational diabetesmellitus. Methods: This Descriptive observational study was conducted at Department of Obstetricsand Gynaecology, Alhada Military Hospital, Taif, KSA. It was done during January–December 2009 tomeasure maternal and neonatal outcome. Hundred pregnant women diagnosed through glucosetolerance test as diabetic were enrolled as study subjects. All the subjects were enrolled and followedregularly at Obstetric and Gynaecology out-patient Department of Alhada Military Hospital, Taif.Blood glucose level was controlled either by diet or by diet and insulin. Study subjects werehospitalised for adjustment of dose of insulin and for management of complications. Foetal well beingwas assessed by kick count, cardiotocography and ultrasound. Time and mode of delivery was decidedat 36 week of gestation. Intra-partum maternal blood glucose level was monitored and foetalmonitoring was done by cardiotocography. Results: Total numbers of women delivered were 2,858.Hundred cases of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy were studied. Eighty-eight patients were above 25years of age, multiparous ladies with gestational diabetes in 76% of cases. Insulin was required in 64%of patients. Polyhydramnios was most common maternal complication. Two out of 100 hadspontaneous miscarriage; 14 underwent preterm delivery while 84 reached term with two intrauterinedeath. Caesarean section was carried out in 58 patients. Total number of babies delivered alive were 92.There were 4 neonatal deaths. Hyperbilirubinemia was the most common neonatal complication.Conclusion: It was concluded that early detection, constant supervision, strict glycaemic control,delivery with intensive intrapartum monitoring and facilities of expert neonatologist can result in goodmaternal and foetal outcome, without much morbidity.Keywords: Pregnancy, Gestational diabetes mellitus, Maternal outcome, Neonatal outcomeReferences
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