DIFFERENCES IN CULTURAL YIELD OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS ON MEDIA PREPARED USING COMMERCIAL AND HOUSEHOLD EGGS

Abstract

Background: Mycobacterial culture is considered as the gold standard for TB diagnosis.  It is performed on egg-based media using commercially available eggs to grow Mycobacteria from clinical samples.  These eggs are known to contain high concentration of antibiotics, including fluoroquinolones, given to chicken to prevent early mortality.  This study was performed to compare Mycobacterial growth on media prepared from commercial and antibiotic free household eggs. Methods: Sputum samples from negative (No bacilli in 100 oil immersion field), scanty (1–9 AFB in 100 fields), 1+ (10–99 bacilli per field), 2+ (1–10 bacilli per field) and 3+ (>10 bacilli per field) were inoculated dually on Ogawa medium prepared from commercial and household eggs. Tubes were inspected every fourth day for the appearance of colonies till 60 days.  Data tabulations and statistical analysis (F test for variation and unpaired Student’s t test) were performed on Microsoft Excel®. Results: One microscopically negative sample showed growth on media prepared from household eggs, while all were negative on that prepared from commercial eggs.  There were significant differences in time to culture positivity for samples graded 1+ (p=0.02), 2+ (p=0.002) and 3+ (p=0.0003). Conclusion: Commercial eggs containing antibiotics can be a source of false negativity in cultures especially in microscopically negative samples. This can be of special concern in HIV patients who have high smear negativity. It is therefore important to either develop provision of antibiotic free eggs for media preparation or to develop and validate other laboratory investigations for smear negative TB patients.